/oss/taxonomy/term/1201/all en /oss/article/health-history/its-time-let-five-stages-grief-die <p>Denial. Anger. Bargaining. Depression. Acceptance.</p> <p>This group of terms has become so ingrained in our cultural consciousness that almost anyone could tell you what they are: the five stages of grief.</p> <p>Introduced to the world in the 1969 book <i>On Death and Dying </i>by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, the Kübler-Ross model (sometimes called the DABDA model) surmises that there are sequential stages of various emotions that a patient goes through when diagnosed with a terminal illness, starting with denial and ending with acceptance.</p> Fri, 31 May 2019 15:54:47 +0000 Ada McVean B.Sc. 7786 at /oss /oss/article/health-you-asked/you-asked-it-true-getting-angry-can-affect-heart <p>According to a study in the European Heart Journal, a single angry outburst can have immediate adverse effects. That’s because anger causes an increase in blood pressure and a release of the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Indeed, the risk of a heart attack or angina is nearly five times higher in the two hours following an anger outburst than at other times, and the risk of stroke is four times higher.</p> Fri, 08 Jul 2016 11:55:31 +0000 Joe Schwarcz PhD 2343 at /oss /oss/article/health-news-you-asked/you-asked-pain-causes-anger-can-relieving-anger-relieve-pain <p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://blogs.mcgill.ca/oss/?p=5761"><img alt="anger" height="150" src="http://blogs.mcgill.ca/oss/files/2013/09/anger-150x150.jpg" width="150" /></a>Theories suggesting that pain can be eliminated or suppressed by anger management are hard to confirm. Various studies have investigated this claim, however, the results tend to be contradictory. Factors such as gender, age, hormones, genetic status and behavioural anger expression may heavily influence the results of the experiments. In 2009, a study conducted by Stephen Bruehl et al. concluded that gender, which is normally overlooked, might be an important variable when considering the regulation of anger. For example, it was shown that the body’s natural pain killers, the endorphins, required to inhibit and suppress anger are influenced by gender. Estradiol, a female sex hormone, may be responsible for higher endorphin-mediated analgesia in females than in males. Perhaps this may add weight to the stereotypical belief that women tend to be the more gentile and less aggressive of the two genders. However, the study did state that due to insufficient knowledge of gender influence on endorphin function, no clear link could be established.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">A study conducted in 1996 by Burns et al. revealed that hostile subjects with elevated anger experienced more pain. But in this case, it was the females who suffered more from joint problems. This is consistent with another study conducted in the Netherlands where negative emotions like anger and sadness, worsened pain for female patients suffering from fibromyalgia. Despite this finding, caveats exist. It isn’t clear that the researchers had a consistent and accurate method of measuring the intensity of the negative emotions experienced by the patients. In addition, some patients were not able to express their feelings directly. Overall, this poorly conducted study cannot substantiate theories linking anger to pain intensity.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Interestingly, neuroimaging techniques have revealed that significant overlap of the brain structures regulating pain and anger may exist. From an evolutionary perspective, such overlap should be expected because anger and pain would underlie the fight or flight responses required for survival. Logically, one would deduce that anger would be the initial response to pain. After all, who experiences joy when inflicted with acute or chronic pain?</p> <p><a href="http://blogs.mcgill.ca/oss/2013/09/02/pain-causes-anger-can-relieving-anger-relieve-pain">Read more</a></p> Tue, 03 Sep 2013 02:45:14 +0000 Alexandra Pires-Ménard, OSS Intern 2011 at /oss /oss/article/health-you-asked/it-true-getting-angry-can-affect-heart <p>Indeed, the risk of a heart attack or angina is nearly five times higher in the two hours following an anger outburst than at other times, and the risk of stroke is four times higher. Let’s not get too carried away with this though, because at any given moment the risk of a heart attack or stroke is very low, so even a five fold increase in risk isn’t that great. To put the numbers into perspective, researchers estimate that if 10,000 healthy people have one anger outburst a month over a year, one of them will suffer a heart attack or a stroke as a result of the outburst.</p> Tue, 21 Feb 2017 04:17:10 +0000 Joe Schwarcz PhD 1484 at /oss