Let鈥檚 talk about flying reindeer. And to start, let鈥檚 travel to the snow covered fields of Lapland and Siberia, where the legend of Santa Claus may have originated. Hundreds of years ago the inhabitants of these barren lands tried to domesticate reindeer. But herding these animals was not a simple task, at least not until the herders found a most unusual ally in the form of a little red and white mushroom. Reindeer, it seems, just loved聽Amanita muscaria, or Fly Agaric, as it is better known. They could be led around by the nose, as it were, just by sprinkling pieces of the mushroom in front of them. Why?聽 Because聽Amanita muscaria聽contains the natural hallucinogens muscamol and ibotenic acid. It seems those reindeer liked to get high! However, there is a problem with enjoying the pleasure of Fly Agaric. There鈥檚 the little matter of a toxin the mushroom contains. Muscarine is pretty dangerous stuff. Early Laplanders and Siberians probably took their chances with the fungus to while away the long, dark, dreary nights.聽 This practice no longer occurs, as the 鈥渉appiness mushroom鈥� has been replaced by television, which in most cases provides a less toxic form of entertainment.
Amanita ingestion was never widespread because the fungi were relatively rare. It was usually reserved for special occasions, like Christmas. The well-to-do would indulge and often emerge from the celebration to relieve themselves in the snow. This had the effect of attracting reindeer who then proceeded to vigorously lap up the melted snow. Impoverished natives noted this reindeer behavior and jumped on an easy way to brighten up their lives. They gathered the yellow tinged snow, melted it and partook of the unusual beverage. Obviously, some of the mushrooms active ingredients had been eliminated in the urine.聽
The powerful hallucinogenic properties of Amanita muscaria led to its use by shamans in quasi-religious ceremonies. Shamans were a combination of healer, spiritual leader and psychologist, all rolled into one. Often they would consume the hallucinogenic mushroom to enter a trance-like state of heightened awareness that appeared to be more conducive to physical and spiritual healing. Ceremonies were heralded by a stick placed upright through the smoke hole of the shaman鈥檚 hut, a hole through which the spirit of the shaman supposedly exited and entered. It was also common for the shaman to offer samples of Fly Agaric to his flock, samples which were carried in a leather sack. According to some accounts, the association between these rituals and the mushroom was so strong that shamans decorated their fur clothing with red and white, the colors of the mushroom. So, there you have it. A cheerful man, dressed in red and white fur, bearing a sack of presents. Add to this the imagery of the smoke hole and the hallucinating reindeer and you鈥檝e got yourself a jolly old Santa and his 鈥渇lying鈥� entourage. As Ripley would say, believe it or not.
